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Skin Friction of the Micropile Root

Reference values of limit skin friction (recommended by the authors)

Soil

Skin friction [kPa]

soft clay

40 - 60

stiff clay

65 - 85

solid clay

130 - 170

sand naturally wet, loose

110 - 150

sand naturally wet, medium dense

140 - 180

sand naturally wet, dense

170 - 230

aquiferous sand, loose

80 - 130

aquiferous sand, medium dense

120 - 160

aquiferous sand, dense

160 - 200

sandy clay, soft

50 - 70

sandy clay, stiff

75 - 95

sandy clay, solid

125 - 165

clayey sand, wet, loose

90 - 135

clayey sand, wet, medium dense

135 - 165

clayey sand, wet, dense

150 - 170

clayey sand, aquiferous, loose

80 - 105

clayey sand, aquiferous, medium dense

90 - 130

clayey sand, aquiferous, dense

115 - 155

Values of limit skin friction according to DIN 4128

Soil

Average limit skin friction

piles in compression [kPa]

piles in tension [kPa]

medium to coarse-grain sand

200

100

sand and gravel sand

150

80

cohesive soils

100

50

Values of skin friction according to CSN 73 1004

Type of soil

Number of groutings

Final grouting press. [MPa]

plášť. tření

[kPa]

bedrock

0

-

650 - 1100

semirock

0 - 1

0.5 - 3.0

500 - 700

sandy gravels

1 - 2

1.0 - 2.0

170 - 250

clayey gravels

1 - 2

2.0 - 4.0

170

sands

2 - 3

1.5 - 4.0

120 - 170

fine-grained soils - very stiff

1 - 3

1.5 - 3.0

100 - 160

fine-grained soils - stiff

2 - 3

1.0 - 2.5

80 - 100

fine-grained soils - firm

3 - (4)

0.5 - 2.0

60 - 80

Recommended parameters of anchor roots (Mišove, Klein, Inženýrské stavby 5/1986)

Type of support of micropile in head

Final

grouting

press. [MPa]

Number of groutings

Root diameter

[mm]

Root length

[m]

Skin friction

[kPa]

bedrock

-

0

120

5 - 3

1000 - 1600

semirock

0.5 - 3.0

0 - 1

120 - 220

7 - 3

300 - 1000

gravel, injectable soils

1,0

1 - 2

250 - 400

7 - 5

250 - 320

gravel, non-injectable soils

2.0 - 4.0

1 - 2

280 - 350

7 - 5

230

medium and fine-grain sand

1.5 - 4.0

2 - 3

220 - 350

12 - 7

150 - 180

cohesive stiff and solid soils

1.5 - 3.0

1 - 3

200 - 280

17 - 8

130 - 190

cohesive solid to rigid plastic soils

1.0 - 2.5

2 - 3

150 - 400

20 - 9

100 - 130

cohesive soft plastic soils

0.5 - 2.0

3 - 4

300 - 450

27 - 13.5

50 - 70

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